Tower Crane Classification
Tower-Crane Classification
1. According to whether there is a traveling mechanism, it can be divided into mobile tower cranes and stationary cranes.
Mobile tower cranes can be divided into four types: rail type, tire type, automobile type and crawler type according to the different traveling devices. The tower body of the rail-mounted tower crane is fixed on the walking chassis, which can run on a special track, with good stability, can walk with load, and has high work efficiency, so it is widely used in construction and installation projects. The tire-type, truck-type and crawler-type tower cranes have no track device and are easy to move, but they cannot walk with load and have poor stability. They are rarely produced at present.
Fixed tower cranes are divided into two types: attached self-elevating type and inner climbing type according to the different installation positions. The attached self-elevating tower crane can rise with the rise of the building and is suitable for high-rise buildings. The building structure is only Bearing the horizontal load from the crane, it is easy to attach, but it takes up a lot of steel for the structure; the internal climbing crane is used in the building (elevator shaft, stairwell) to climb with the help of a bracket and lifting system, which is more complicated to lift. , but it occupies less structural steel, does not need to install foundations, and all self-weight and loads are borne by the building.
2. According to the structural characteristics of the jib, it can be divided into pitch luffing jib (boom) and trolley luffing jib (flat jib) tower crane.
The luffing jib tower crane does not realize luffing by lifting the jib. Its advantages are: it can give full play to the effective height of the jib, and the mechanism is simple. The disadvantage is that the minimum amplitude is limited to 30% of the maximum amplitude. Left and right, can not be completely close to the tower body, when luffing, the load rises and falls with the boom, and cannot be luffed with load.
The trolley luffing jib tower crane relies on the trolley installed on the horizontal jib track to walk to realize the luffing. Yes: the force of the boom is complex, and the requirements for the structure are high, and the boom and the trolley must be in the upper part of the building, and the installation height of the tower tip is 15-20 meters higher than the roof of the building.
3. According to the slewing mode of the tower structure, it can be divided into lower slewing (tower body slewing) and upper slewing (tower body does not rotate) tower cranes
The lower slewing tower crane sets the slewing bearing and the main mechanism of the counterweight at the lower end. high, the installation height is limited.
The upper slewing tower crane sets the slewing bearing, the counterweight, and the main mechanism at the upper end. The disadvantage is: when the building exceeds the height of the tower body, due to the influence of the balance arm, the rotation of the crane is limited, and the center of gravity is high, the wind pressure increases, the weight increases, and the total weight of the whole machine increases.
4. According to the different installation methods of cranes, it can be divided into quick-installation tower cranes that can be folded and transported and erected by themselves and tower cranes that need to be assembled and disassembled with the help of auxiliary machines.
The quick-loading tower cranes that can be erected by themselves are all small and medium-sized lower-slewing tower cranes. They are mainly used in low-rise buildings with short construction periods and frequent movement. The main advantages are that they can improve work efficiency, save installation costs, save time, labor and materials. , the disadvantage is that the structure is complex and the maintenance is large.
Tower cranes that need to be disassembled and assembled by auxiliary machines are mainly used in medium and high-rise buildings and places with large working range and heavy lifting capacity. They are the main models on construction sites at present.
5. According to the structure with or without the spire, it can be divided into flat-top tower cranes and pointed tower cranes.
The flat-top tower crane is a new type of tower crane developed in recent years. It is characterized by canceling the tower tip and its front and rear tie rods in the structure of the original jack-up tower crane, and enhancing the structural strength of the boom and balance arm. , the boom and the balance arm are directly connected, and the advantages are: 1. The whole machine is small in size, convenient and safe to install, and reduces transportation and storage costs; Small damage; 3. The components can be standardized, modularized, and interchangeable, reducing equipment idleness and improving investment efficiency. The disadvantage is that the price of flat-top tower cranes is slightly higher in the same type of tower cranes.
1. According to whether there is a traveling mechanism, it can be divided into mobile tower cranes and stationary cranes.
Mobile tower cranes can be divided into four types: rail type, tire type, automobile type and crawler type according to the different traveling devices. The tower body of the rail-mounted tower crane is fixed on the walking chassis, which can run on a special track, with good stability, can walk with load, and has high work efficiency, so it is widely used in construction and installation projects. The tire-type, truck-type and crawler-type tower cranes have no track device and are easy to move, but they cannot walk with load and have poor stability. They are rarely produced at present.
Fixed tower cranes are divided into two types: attached self-elevating type and inner climbing type according to the different installation positions. The attached self-elevating tower crane can rise with the rise of the building and is suitable for high-rise buildings. The building structure is only Bearing the horizontal load from the crane, it is easy to attach, but it takes up a lot of steel for the structure; the internal climbing crane is used in the building (elevator shaft, stairwell) to climb with the help of a bracket and lifting system, which is more complicated to lift. , but it occupies less structural steel, does not need to install foundations, and all self-weight and loads are borne by the building.
2. According to the structural characteristics of the jib, it can be divided into pitch luffing jib (boom) and trolley luffing jib (flat jib) tower crane.
The luffing jib tower crane does not realize luffing by lifting the jib. Its advantages are: it can give full play to the effective height of the jib, and the mechanism is simple. The disadvantage is that the minimum amplitude is limited to 30% of the maximum amplitude. Left and right, can not be completely close to the tower body, when luffing, the load rises and falls with the boom, and cannot be luffed with load.
The trolley luffing jib tower crane relies on the trolley installed on the horizontal jib track to walk to realize the luffing. Yes: the force of the boom is complex, and the requirements for the structure are high, and the boom and the trolley must be in the upper part of the building, and the installation height of the tower tip is 15-20 meters higher than the roof of the building.
3. According to the slewing mode of the tower structure, it can be divided into lower slewing (tower body slewing) and upper slewing (tower body does not rotate) tower cranes
The lower slewing tower crane sets the slewing bearing and the main mechanism of the counterweight at the lower end. high, the installation height is limited.
The upper slewing tower crane sets the slewing bearing, the counterweight, and the main mechanism at the upper end. The disadvantage is: when the building exceeds the height of the tower body, due to the influence of the balance arm, the rotation of the crane is limited, and the center of gravity is high, the wind pressure increases, the weight increases, and the total weight of the whole machine increases.
4. According to the different installation methods of cranes, it can be divided into quick-installation tower cranes that can be folded and transported and erected by themselves and tower cranes that need to be assembled and disassembled with the help of auxiliary machines.
The quick-loading tower cranes that can be erected by themselves are all small and medium-sized lower-slewing tower cranes. They are mainly used in low-rise buildings with short construction periods and frequent movement. The main advantages are that they can improve work efficiency, save installation costs, save time, labor and materials. , the disadvantage is that the structure is complex and the maintenance is large.
Tower cranes that need to be disassembled and assembled by auxiliary machines are mainly used in medium and high-rise buildings and places with large working range and heavy lifting capacity. They are the main models on construction sites at present.
5. According to the structure with or without the spire, it can be divided into flat-top tower cranes and pointed tower cranes.
The flat-top tower crane is a new type of tower crane developed in recent years. It is characterized by canceling the tower tip and its front and rear tie rods in the structure of the original jack-up tower crane, and enhancing the structural strength of the boom and balance arm. , the boom and the balance arm are directly connected, and the advantages are: 1. The whole machine is small in size, convenient and safe to install, and reduces transportation and storage costs; Small damage; 3. The components can be standardized, modularized, and interchangeable, reducing equipment idleness and improving investment efficiency. The disadvantage is that the price of flat-top tower cranes is slightly higher in the same type of tower cranes.
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